Connectivity

What is connectivity? According to 19usb10137 (N.D) in Brainly “Connectivity- is the capability of your personal computer to share information with other computers.” (19usb10137, s.f.) In my opinion, connectivity, as mentioned in the quote, does involve a personal computer's ability to exchange information with other devices. This communication can occur through local area networks (LANs), wide area networks (WANs), the Internet, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, among others. However, connectivity today encompasses much more than just "sharing information." It also refers to the continuous and fluid interaction between systems, cloud services, remote servers, mobile devices, and IoT (Internet of Things) sensors.

What is Browser? According to GeeksforGeeks (2025) “A browser/Web Browsers is a free software tool, like Chrome, Safari, or Firefox, that lets you visit websites, watch videos, and do everything else online. When you type in a website address, the browser finds that page on the internet and shows it to you on your screen” (geeksforgeeks, 2025) In my opinion, this quote explains simply and clearly what a web browser is. Personally, I find it helpful because it nicely summarizes how it works and why it's so important. I use browsers every day, whether it's to search for information, watch videos, or access my study platforms. I like that it's described as a free tool because we often take for granted how accessible internet browsing is. I also appreciate that it mentions examples like Chrome and Firefox, as that makes it easier to understand for those unfamiliar with the term.

  What is IP address? According to GeeksforGeeks (2024) “An IP address, or Internet Protocol address, is a unique string of numbers assigned to each device connected to a computer network that uses the Internet Protocol for communication.” (geeksforgeeks, 2024) In the quote, I liked how he mentions that an IP address is a "unique string of numbers," because it made me think about how important that identification is for devices to communicate with each other. I didn't quite understand why each device needed its own number before, but thanks to this explanation, it became clearer to me. I find it amazing how something as simple as a sequence of numbers can be so essential for the internet to function properly. In the following image I will show the IP classes

  What is DNS? According to cisco.com (N.D) “The Domain Name System (DNS) handles the growing number of Internet users. DNS translates names, such as www.cisco.com, into IP addresses, such as 192.168.40.0 (or the more extended IPv6 addresses), so that computers can communicate with each other.” (Cisco Systems) DNS is critical to the functioning of the internet, as it translates domain names, which are easy for humans to remember, into IP addresses, which are used by devices to locate and communicate with each other on the network. However, the quote could mention a little more information to provide a more complete understanding. For example, mention that DNS uses a hierarchical system of globally distributed servers to resolve domain names, allowing for efficient scalability and resilience. It could also briefly discuss the importance of DNS security, given the rise of attacks such as DNS cache poisoning.

  What is a Domain? Based on the from the sitechecker website (2023), “A domain, in the context of web technology and internet browsing, is the virtual address that people type into their browser to visit a specific website.” (Palii, 2023) From my perspective, this quote explains very clearly what a domain is. I like how it compares it to a virtual address, because it helps me understand it as if it were a home address, but on the internet. Reading it, I realize that every time I type something like "google.com" or "youtube.com," I'm actually using a domain to reach a specific site. Personally, I find it interesting how something as simple as a name can guide me directly to a place on the web without having to remember complex numbers like an IP address.

  What is firewall? According to cisco Systems (N.D) “A firewall is a network security device that separates a trusted internal network from an external network deemed untrustworthy, such as the internet.” (Cisco, N.D) This quote sums up the main function of a firewall very well. It seems clear and direct to me when it says that it separates a trusted internal network from an untrusted external network, such as the Internet. Reading it, I understand that the firewall acts as a kind of guardian that protects my private network from potential external threats. Personally, I value this function greatly, since in today's highly connected world, having a barrier that controls what enters and leaves my network is essential to maintaining the security of my information.

  What is hosting? According to Kinza Yasar (2023), “Web hosting -- also known as  website hosting  or  webhosting  -- is the process where a web hosting provider stores and maintains website files and applications on a server to make its customers' websites accessible on the internet. “ (Yasar, 2023) This quote simply explains what web hosting is and why it's so important. I like how it clarifies that it's a process in which a provider stores a website's files and applications on a server. For me, this is fundamental because without that service, a website wouldn't be available on the internet. Understanding this makes me appreciate everything that goes into a functioning website: it's not just what I see on the screen, but also the work of the server that keeps it active and accessible to any user.

  What is HTML? According to GeeksforGeeks (2025) “HTML (HyperText Markup Language) is the standard markup language used to structure web pages. It is used to create various elements of a webpage/website such as nav-bar, paragraphs, images, video, Forms, and more, which are displayed in a web browser.” (GeeksforGeeks , 2025) From my perspective, the quote offers a clear and complete description of what HTML really is. I like that it mentions that it's a markup language, not a programming language, because that avoids confusion. To me, HTML is like the skeleton of a web page: thanks to it, you can organize and display content such as menus, paragraphs, images, or forms. Every time I browse the internet, I know that behind what I see are lines of HTML code that give shape and structure to everything. Without a doubt, it's an essential tool for pages to function correctly in any browser.

  What is router? According to cisco systems (N.D) “A router receives and sends data on computer networks.  “A router receives and sends data on computer networks. “ (Cisco, N.D) The quoted description is a very basic understanding of what a router does, but I'd like to go a little deeper. For me, a router not only receives and sends data, but also efficiently directs that information to its correct destination within a network. I think of it as a digital "traffic guide" that organizes and manages the flow of data between different devices and networks, such as my home's local network and the internet. Thanks to the router, I can be connected to multiple devices at the same time without losing connection or speed.

  What is  HTTP? Based on the from the HAProxy Technologies (2024)  “Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) is one of the internet's foundational protocols, enabling reliable communication between clients and servers at the application layer (Layer 7) of the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model.” (Haproxy, 2024) The quote clearly highlights the importance of the HTTP protocol in the functioning of the Internet. I find it interesting that its role within the application layer of the OSI model is mentioned, as it helps us understand the level at which it operates. Personally, I see HTTP as the bridge that allows my browser to communicate with servers and display the information I'm looking for on the web. Although we often don't realize it, this protocol makes it possible for us to access pages, submit forms, or view online content quickly and reliably.  

  What is LAN? Based on the Neos Networks (2023)  “A local area network (LAN) is a network of computers or other devices interconnected in one location to enable communication and resource sharing.” (Neos Networks, 2023) I find it useful because it clarifies that it's a network that connects multiple devices in the same location, such as a home, office, or school. Personally, I see LANs as a key tool for facilitating group work or sharing resources, such as printers, files, or internet access. Thanks to this type of network, I can easily communicate between devices without needing to be connected to the internet, making it practical, fast, and efficient in small spaces.  

  What is streaming? Based to the Castr (2025) “Streaming media is a technology that delivers audio and video content directly through the internet in real-time without downloading.” (Castr, 2025) Streaming is a modern and convenient way to consume multimedia content. Instead of having to wait for a file to fully download, this technology allows me to watch videos or listen to music almost instantly, while it's being transmitted in real time. For me, streaming has completely changed the way we access entertainment and information, as I can enjoy movies, series, podcasts, or live concerts from any device with an internet connection, without taking up storage space.

 What is website? According to Sienna Roberts (2025) “A website is a digital space that explicitly provides information about a company or individual, along with other features and elements that define the brand's identity.” (Roberts, 2025) The quote defines it as a space where not only information is shared, but also a brand or person's identity is built and reflected. Personally, I see a website as an online cover letter: it's the place where a company or individual can show who they are, what they offer, and how they want to be perceived. It's more than just text and images; it's a key tool for building trust, attracting an audience, and leaving a lasting impression.

  What is SSL? According to Domantas G. & Brian (2025)  “Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) is a digital security feature that enables an encrypted connection between a website and a browser. SSL aims to provide a safe and secure way to transmit sensitive data, including personal information, credit card details, and login credentials.” (Brian, 2025) SSL is a fundamental tool for internet security. I think it's very important to have a system that encrypts the connection between the browser and the website, especially when dealing with sensitive data like passwords or banking information. Personally, I always check if a page has a padlock in the address bar, because it gives me confidence that my data is protected. Thanks to SSL, I can make online purchases or log into personal accounts with greater peace of mind, knowing that the information I send can't be easily intercepted.

  What is TLS? Based to the Cyber Security Agence of Singapure (2025) “Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a cryptographic protocol that provides end-to-end security of data sent between applications over the Internet.” (Cyber Security Agence of Singapure , 2025) This quote perfectly highlights the importance of TLS in protecting our data online. I find it incredible how this protocol acts almost invisibly, ensuring that the information I send from an app or browser arrives securely at its destination. Personally, knowing that technology like TLS exists gives me more confidence when using online services, as it protects my data from potential attacks or unauthorized access. For me, it's an essential part of digital security in today's world.  

  What is URL? Based to the MDN web Doc (N.D) “A URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a unique resource on the internet. It is one of the key mechanisms used by browsers to retrieve published resources, such as HTML pages, CSS documents, images, and so on.” (mdn web doc, N.D) This quote explains very well what a URL is and why it's so important for internet browsing. For me, a URL works like the exact address of a house, but in the digital world. Thanks to it, the browser knows exactly where to go to find a web page, an image, or any other online resource. I find it amazing how something as simple as typing an address into the browser bar can open access to so much information. Without a doubt, the URL is an essential tool for navigating the internet quickly and accurately.

  What is VPN? According to Attila Tomaschek, Moe Long (2024) “Put simply, a VPN is software that establishes a secure connection between your computer and the internet by running your internet traffic through an encrypted tunnel to a server in a remote location.” (Attila Tomaschek, 2024) Personally, I view a VPN as a kind of shield that protects my internet connection. It gives me peace of mind knowing that when I use it, my traffic passes through an encrypted tunnel, preventing third parties from seeing what I'm doing online. I also find it useful that it allows me to connect from remote locations, which can improve my privacy or give me access to region-restricted content. In short, for me, a VPN is a key tool for browsing with greater security and freedom.

  What Is WAN? According to Mesh Flinders, Ian Smalley (2025) “A wide-area network (WAN) is a series of connected, telecommunication networks that span a large geographic area, typically connecting headquarters, branch offices, data centers and other critical infrastructure.” (Mesh Flinders, 2025) I find it impressive how this type of network allows different locations, even in different cities or countries, to be connected as if they were part of a single network. Personally, I see a WAN as a technological backbone that holds the operations of large companies together, allowing them to communicate and share data in real time, regardless of distance. It's a fundamental solution for maintaining continuity and efficiency in organizations with multiple locations.

  What is DHCP? Based to the DNS Made Easy (2024) “DHCP stands for Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. This protocol dynamically assigns or leases unique IP addresses for devices (clients) on a network. DHCP also allocates the subnet masks and default gateway addresses for a network.” (DNS Made Easy , 2024) From my perspective, this quote clearly explains what the DHCP protocol is and what it's used for. In my own words, I see it as an automatic system that makes it easy to connect devices to a network without having to configure everything manually. I find it very useful that DHCP is able to assign a unique IP address to each device, in addition to other important data such as the subnet mask and gateway. Thanks to this, connecting to a network becomes fast, organized, and hassle-free, which is essential in both homes and businesses. DHCP Process:

  What is Ethernet? According to Miguelito Balba (2024) “Ethernet is a group of wired networking technologies that connects devices in a local area network (LAN).” (Balba, 2024) This quote sums up Ethernet and its function within a local network. For me, Ethernet is the technology that allows devices to communicate with each other over cables within a single location, such as a home, office, or school. I find it very reliable because, as a wired connection, it typically offers greater stability and speed compared to Wi-Fi. I've always viewed Ethernet as a solid foundation for maintaining an efficient and uninterrupted network.

  What is ISP? According to Weronika Kapias (N.D) “An ISP - Internet Service Provider - is an Internet service provider, that provides the infrastructure that allows users to connect to the Internet, upload and download data, use email, browse the web, and other online services.” (Kapias, N.D) My perspective on this quote is that an ISP is the one that gives me the ability to stay connected to the world through the internet. It's the company that provides me with everything I need so I can use applications, access websites, send files, and stay connected online. I see it as the provider that makes my connection work, whether at home or on my cell phone. Thanks to the service they offer, I can perform many of the activities that are part of my digital daily life.

  What is Wifi? According to Jaya Charma (2025) “Wi-Fi (Wireless Fidelity) is the wireless networking technology that connects devices to the internet.” (Charma, 2025) In line with the previous quote, I see Wi-Fi as the most practical way to connect to the internet without cables. Thanks to this technology, I can use my cell phone, computer, or tablet from anywhere in the house or even in public places. For me, Wi-Fi represents freedom and convenience, allowing me to stay connected at all times, move around easily, and access all types of online content without being limited by a physical connection.

  What is access point? Based to the HPE Glossary (2025) “A wireless access point is a networking device that provides wireless local area network (WLAN) connectivity to Wi-Fi devices such as laptops, cellular phones, and IoT devices using radio technology rather than wired network cabling.” (HPE Glossary, 2025) I understand it as a device that allows other devices, like my cell phone, computer, or even smart home devices, to connect to the internet wirelessly. Instead of relying on a physical connection, it uses radio signals to create a Wi-Fi network in a specific area. For me, it's a key tool for expanding internet coverage, especially in large or wall-hungry spaces where the main router's signal doesn't reach as strongly.

  What is shipping protocol? Based to the CloudFlare (N.D) “In networking, a protocol is a set of rules for formatting and processing data” (CloudFlare, N.D) From my perspective, this quote simply explains what a network protocol is. I see it as a set of instructions that all devices must follow in order to communicate properly with each other. It's like a common language that ensures data is sent, received, and understood without errors. For me, protocols are fundamental because without these clear rules, information couldn't flow orderly through the network, which would cause connection failures or data loss.  

  References (n.d.). Retrieved from https://iot.telenor.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/09/Connectivity-technologies-for-IoT.jpg 19usb10137. (n.d.). Brainly . Retrieved from Brainly: https://brainly.in/question/55807700 Attila Tomaschek, M. L. (2024, November 22). CNET . Retrieved from CNET: https://www.cnet.com/tech/services-and-software/what-is-a-vpn/ Balba, M. (2024, June 28). ninjaOne . Retrieved from Ninja One: https://www.ninjaone.com/it-hub/remote-access/what-is-ethernet/ Brian, D. G. (2025, April 28). Hostinger . Retrieved from Hostinger: https://www.hostinger.com/tutorials/what-is-ssl Castr . (2025, January 31). Retrieved from Castr: https://castr.com/blog/streaming-media/ Charma, J. (2025, January 16). shiksha online . Retrieved from Shiksha: https://www.shiksha.com/online-courses/articles/wifi-types-working-and-applications/ Cisco . (N.D, N.D N.D). Retrieved from Cisco systems: https://www.cisco.com/site/us/en/learn/topic...